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Cytoplasm-Cytoskeleton_3rd

Page history last edited by Samantha Zebra 15 years, 6 months ago

Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

 

Cytoplasm:

The cytoplasm is the jelly-like material that fills in between the nuclear membrane and cell membrane. Eukaryotes cells (containing a nucleus) contains all the organelles such as, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes and peroxisomes. Each has specific functions in the cell. Most of the cellular activities occur in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains cytosol, and the the cytoskeleton and many organelles, are suspended in it.  Cytosol is a translucent gel outside of membrane-bound organelles, which makes up about 70% of the cell. It is made up of different elements, such as proteins, macromolecules, water, cytoskeleton filaments, enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and fibers. Much of the cell is composed of dissolved nutrients and helps dissolve waste products. Basically, the cytoplasm/cytosol makes up and holds everything together in the cell. It suspends the contents of the cell in a gel like fatty membrane. It surronds the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic organelles. The organelles, filled with liquid are separated by the cytoplasm by cell membranes.

 

 

Cytoskeleton:

The cytoskeleton is responsible for holding the shape and structure of the cell and protecting it, and it also helps with movement and stability. It is found in all cells. The cytoskeleton is made up of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Microfilaments are about 3-6 nm diameter thread like fibers that are made up of actin (most abundant cell protein). Actin is important with muscle contractions and cytokinesis (forming cell cleavage). Microtubules are longer cylindrical tubes (20-25 nm in diameter) made up of tubulin. This seperates chromosomes during mitosis. The microtubules are responsible for the rigid and organized components of the cytoskeleton. As components of cilia and flagella, they are important in movement of the cell (arranged in patterns in these) and also organelles and vesicles within the cell.  Intermediate filaments (8-12 nm diameter) are very stable structures of the cytoskeleton. They anchor and position the nucleus and give the cell its flexibility.

 

 

FAQ:

 

 What is actin?

Actin is one of the three main components found in cytoskeleton. The structure is a highly preserved protien that is found in plant and animal cells. Actin is about the same in all species. It is vital to many actions, such as cell motility, muscle contraction, cytokinesis and cell division. Actin molecules bind together to form microfilaments.

 

Are both in plant and animal cells?

Yes, both are found in both plant and animal cells.

 

What types of cells are they in?

Cytoplasm contains organelles, which are found in every single cell.

 

Besides holding everything together in the cell, what major role does the cytoplasm hold in the cell?

Many cellular activities occur in the cytoplasm, such as metabolic pathways, cell division, cell expansion, cell growth, cell replication and break down of enzymes in the body.

 

 

Where is the actin found?

The actin is found in the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

 

What is tubulin and how does it separate during mitosis?

Tubulin is a group of globular proteins that help make up the microtubules found in cytoplasm. When the chromosomes separate during mitosis, they attach to bundles of microtubules which elongate and pull the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cells.

 

What are the physical differences between cytoplasm and cytoskeleton?

Cytoplasm is a mixture of bodily substances combined in a fatty acid, which has the consistency of a gel. Cytoplasm is a structural protein made up of many different microtubules and filaments which do have some length and width, where as cytoplasm, does not.

 

What are the highlighted parts in the picture?

The highlighted parts in the picture are from a website that was doing a study on surrogate cytoplasm, the highlighted parts are just showing where the surrogate cytoplasm was placed.

 

How does the cytoskeleton protect the cell?

It helps protect the cell by maintaining structure and shape.

 

 

Works Cited

 

Cytoplasm. Wikipedia. Retrieved Sep 16, 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm

 

Cytoskeleton. Wikipedia. Retrieved Sep 16, 2008

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoskeleton

 

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics. (2004) University of Arizona.

Retrieved Sep 16, 2008

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL BIO/tutorials/cytoskeleton/main.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comments (18)

Paul said

at 9:58 am on Sep 18, 2008

What is actin?

Katie G said

at 10:00 am on Sep 18, 2008

are both in plant and animal cells?

Kerri Loftis said

at 10:01 am on Sep 18, 2008

What types of cells are they in?

Shelby Williams said

at 10:03 am on Sep 18, 2008

Besides holding everything together in the cell, what major roll does the cytoplasm hold in the cell?

Abby M. said

at 10:05 am on Sep 18, 2008

"They anchor and position the nucleus and give the cell its flexibility?"
Why is this a question?

Benjamin Miller said

at 10:07 am on Sep 18, 2008

Where is the actin found?

brandon peek said

at 10:09 am on Sep 18, 2008

What is actin?

Louisa said

at 10:09 am on Sep 18, 2008

what is tubulin?

Margarita said

at 10:14 am on Sep 18, 2008

What are the physical differences between cytoplasm and the cytoskeleton?
(Comment) To make your page look a bit better, try centering the pictures and establishing some sort of color pattern. ^__^

Leighton Williams said

at 10:18 am on Sep 18, 2008

Are cytoskeletons and cytoplasm found in both plant and animal cells?

jordan hansen said

at 10:22 am on Sep 18, 2008

what is actin

Leandro N. said

at 10:33 am on Sep 18, 2008

what are the highlighted parts in the picture?

lieren bodiford said

at 10:33 am on Sep 18, 2008

how does the cytoskeleton protect the cell?

Mary Emily Fox said

at 10:34 am on Sep 18, 2008

which cellular activities occer in the cytoplasm?

Kayla Joslin said

at 9:56 pm on Sep 18, 2008

What is tubulin and how does it seperate during mitosis?

savanna brown said

at 10:26 pm on Sep 18, 2008

are there different types of cytoplasm?

avonalmen said

at 10:11 am on Sep 19, 2008

Is the cytoskeleton found in both types of cells (animal and plant)?

lexi said

at 10:15 am on Sep 19, 2008

what is tubalin?

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